Rule text
A. How commenced. A civil action is commenced by filing with the court a complaint consisting of a written statement of a claim or claims setting forth briefly the facts and circumstances giving rise to the action.
B. Jurisdiction. Magistrates have jurisdiction in all cases as may be provided by law. C. Form of complaint. The complaint shall be in substantially the form approved by the court administrator and the Supreme Court.
D. Verified accounts. Except in cases controlled by Paragraph E, accounts duly verified by the oath of the party claiming the same, or his agent, and promissory notes and other instruments in writing not barred by law are sufficient evidence in any suit to create a rebuttable presumption, sufficient to enable the plaintiff to recover judgment for those accounts.
E. Consumer debt claims.
(1) The pleading of a party, acting in the ordinary course of business, whose cause of action is to collect a debt arising out of a transaction in which the money, property, insurance, or services, which are the subject of the original transaction, are primarily for personal, family, or household purposes, other than loans secured by real property, shall comply with Rules 2-201(E)(3) and 2-401(D) NMRA, and Form 4-226 NMRA.
(2) Medical debt claims. The pleading of a party whose cause of action is to collect a medical debt, as defined in NMSA 1978, Section 57-32-2(I), shall comply with Rule 2-201(E)(3), Rule 2-401(D), Form 4-226A NMRA, and shall include a copy of the current Attestation of Indigency form promulgated by the New Mexico Superintendent of Insurance.
(3) Copy to be served and filed. When any instrument of writing on which a consumer debt claim is founded is referred to or relied on in the pleadings, the original or a copy of the instrument shall be served with the pleading and filed with the court unless otherwise excused by the court on a showing of good cause.
[As amended by Supreme Court Order No. 20-8300-005, effective for all cases filed on or after December 31, 2020; as amended by Supreme Court Order No. S-1-RCR-2025- 00174, effective for all cases pending or filed on or after December 31, 2025.]
Notes
Committee commentary. -- In 2016, the New Mexico Supreme Court approved amendments to Rules 1-009, 1-017, 1-055, and 1-060 NMRA, and created a new civil complaint form for consumer debt claims, Form 4-226 NMRA, for use in the district courts.
Paragraph E of this rule was added in 2020 to provide additional protections to consumers in consumer debt collection cases. In addition, Rules 2-401, 2-702, 2-703, 3- 201, 3-401, 3-702, and 3-704 NMRA, as well as Form 4-226 NMRA, were amended in 2020 to align the magistrate and metropolitan court rules for consumer debt claims with the district court rules.
After considering the New Mexico Supreme Court's 2016 amendments to Rules 1-009, 1-017, 1-055, and 1-060 NMRA, and its creation of Form 4-226 NMRA, about consumer debt claim litigation in the district courts, the Committee concluded that similar amendments to the magistrate and metropolitan court rules are required to alleviate systemic problems and abuses that currently exist in the litigation of consumer debt cases in these courts. The abuses include pleadings and judgments based on insufficient or unreliable evidence, "robo-signing" of affidavits by those with no personal knowledge of the debt at issue, creditors suing and obtaining judgments on time-barred debts, and an alarmingly high percentage of default judgments (often caused in part by a lack of sufficient detail in the complaint for a self-represented defendant to determine the nature of the claim and its validity).
For an interpretation of the phrase "acting in the ordinary course of business," see Wilson v. Mass. Mut. Life Ins. Co., 2004-NMCA-051, ¶ 32, 135 N.M. 506, 90 P.3d 525, overruled on other grounds by Schultz ex rel. Schultz v. Pojoaque Tribal Police Dep't, 2010-NMSC-034, 148 N.M. 692, 242 P.3d 259 (interpreting course of business as "business practice that is routine, regular, usual, or normally done"). Medical bills, subject to relevant Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulations, and student loans, are considered consumer debt claims for the purposes of this rule.
2025 amendment
For actions filed on or after July 1, 2021, seeking recovery for "medical debt," as defined in the Patients' Debt Collection Protection Act, NMSA 1978, Section 57-32-2(I) (2021), the pleadings must comply with the 2025 amendments to Paragraph E of this rule.
Subparagraph (E)(2) of this rule requires the claimant seeking to recover on charges for medical debt to serve with the initial pleading a copy of the current Attestation of Indigency form promulgated by the New Mexico Office of the Superintendent of Insurance. The current version of the form may be found via the link on the Office of Superintendent of Insurance's Patients Debt Collection Protection Act webpage at https://www.osi.state.nm.us/pages/misc/patients-debt-collection-protection-act.
[As adopted by Supreme Court Order No. 20-8300-005; as amended by Supreme Court Order No. S-1-RCR-2025-00174.]
ANNOTATIONS
The 2025 amendment, approved by Supreme Court Order No. S-1-RCR-2025-00174, effective December 31, 2025, provided that the pleading of a party whose cause of action is to collect a medical debt shall comply with certain rules and forms, and revised the committee commentary; in Paragraph E, Subparagraph E(1), after the subparagraph designation, deleted "Definition" and after "Rules" changed "2-201(E)(2)" to "2-201(E)(3)", and added a new Subparagraph E(2) and redesignated former Subparagraph E(2) as Subparagraph E(3). The 2020 amendment, approved by Supreme Court Order No. 20-8300-005, effective December 31, 2020, effective for all cases filed on or after December 31, 2020, provided additional procedures for consumer debt collection cases, and added the committee commentary; in Paragraph D, deleted "Accounts" and added "Except in cases controlled by Paragraph E, accounts"; and added Paragraph E.
Cross references. -- For jurisdiction of magistrate courts, see Section 35-3-3 NMSA 1978.
For form on civil complaint, see Rule 4-201 NMRA.
For the exclusive original jurisdiction of the district court of claims under the Tort Claims Act, Section 41-4-1 NMSA 1978 et seq., see Section 41-4-18 NMSA 1978.
Am. Jur. 2d, A.L.R. and C.J.S. references. -- Conclusive election of remedies as predicated on commencement of action, or its prosecution short of judgment on the merits, 6 A.L.R.2d 10.
Tolling of statute of limitations where process is not served before expiration of limitation period, as affected by statutes defining commencement of action, or expressly relating to interruption of running of limitations, 27 A.L.R.2d 236.
72 C.J.S. Process § 3.